Mệnh đề quan hệ được sử dụng để bổ nghĩa hoặc thay thế cho một thành phần trong câu. Bài viết giới thiệu cách sử dụng cũng như các quy tắc về mệnh đề quan hệ. .
A.LÝ THUYẾT
- Mệnh đề quan hệ (hay được gọi là mệnh đề tính từ) được đặt sau danh từ nó phụ nghĩa
- Được nối bằng các đại từ quan hệ: Who, whom, which, that, whose và trạng từ quan hệ where, why, when.
- Who: thay thế cho người, làm chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ.
Ví dụ:
I need to meet the boy. The boy is my son's friend.
-> I need to meet the bot who is my son's friend.
- Whom: Thay thế cho người, làm tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ.
Ví dụ:
I know the girl. I spoke to this girl
-> I know the girl whom I spoke to.
- Which: Thay thế cho vật, đồ vật, làm chủ ngữ, tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ.
Ví dụ: She works for a company. It makes cars.
-> She works for a company which makes cars.
- That: Thay thế cho người, vật làm chủ ngữ, tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ.
Ví dụ:
I need to meet the boy that is my friend's son.
I know the girl that I spoke to.
- Whose (of which): Thay thế cho sở hữu của người, vật (his, her, its, their)
Ví dụ: John found the cat. Its leg was broken.
-> John found the cat whose leg was broken.
- Where: Thay thé cho cụm từ chỉ nơi chốn (there, at that plae).
Ví dụ: The movie theater is the place. We go there once a week.
-> The movie theater is the place where we go once a week.
- Why: Thay thế cho cụm trạng từ chỉ lí do : for that reason.
Ví dụ: Tell me the reason. You are so sad for that reason.
-> Tell me the reason why you are so sad.
- When: Thay thế cho cụm từ chỉ thời gian : then, at that time, on that day.
Ví dụ: Do you remember the day. We first met on that day.
-> Do you remember the day when we first met.
B. Bài tập và hướng dẫn giải
Bài tập 1: Điền WHO, WHICH hoặc THAT vào chỗ trống.
1. The men _______ lives next-door are English.
2. The dictionary _______ you gave me is very good.
3. Do you know the girls _______ are standing outside the church?
4. The police are looking for the thieve _______ got into my house last night.
5. The chocolate _______ you like comes from the United States.
6. I have lost the necklace _______ my mother gave me on my birthday.
7. A burglar is someone _______ breaks into a house and steals things.
8. Buses _______ go to the airport run every half hour.
9. I can’t find the key _______ opens this door.
10. I gave you a book _______ had many pictures.
Bài tập 2: Viết lại câu bằng mệnh đề quan hệ
1. The first boy has just moved. He knows the truth.
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2. I don’t remember the man. You said you met him at the canteen last week.
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3. The only thing is how to go home. It make me worried.
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4. The most beautiful girl lives city. I like her long hair very much.
………………………………………….. ………………………………………….. ……
5. He was Tom. I met him at the bar yesterday.
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6. The children often go swimming on Sundays. They have much free time then.
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7. They are looking for the man and his dog. They have lost the way in the forest.
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8. The tree has lovely flowers. The tree stands near the gate of my house.
………………………………………….. ………………………………………….. ……
9. My wife wants you to come to dinner. You were speaking to my wife
………………………………………….. ………………………………………….. ……
10. The last man has just returned from the farm. I want to talk to him at once.
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